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ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WEIGHT
Authority
Aurelius Avitianus Avitus, agoranomos (Nicomedia) ; C. Julius Octavius Volusenna Rogatianus, governor (Pontus-Bithynia) ; Gordian III, Roman Emperor ; Julius Crescens Saturnilus, curator rei publicae (Nicomedia) ; Valerian, Roman Emperor
Mint
Nicomedia
Denomination
1 Libra = 1 Litra
Material
Lead
Manufacture
Cast
Shape
Polygon (pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, etc.)
Length
9.85 cm
Width
9.90 cm
Height
1.50 cm
Metrology
Mass (g) Mass (grain) Date of measurement Reference fragmented cleaned reference weight
465.68 - - Haensch and Weiß 2005 No No Yes
465.50 - - Kruse and Stumpf 1998 No No No
465.40 - Jan. 15, 2020 Autopsy Louise Willocx No No No
Iconography
Symbol Technique Direction Position Number Synecdoche
Wear
Corrosion
Corroded
Handle
No
Suspension hole
Yes
Recarved mould
No
Recarved weight
No
Intentionally destroyed
No
Archaeological description
Haensch and Weiß 2005: Achteckiges Bleigewicht mit beiderseits erhöhten Rändern und eingetieften Schriftfeldern. Höhe 9,8 cm; Breite 10,0 cm; BH (Vorderseite) 8 mm, (Rückseite) 5 mm; Gesamtdicke der Ränder 1 cm; Gewicht 465,68 g. Recht schlechter Erhaltungszustand, die Buchstaben sind wegen der Korrosion der Oberfläche sehr flach geworden und über weite Strecken nur noch schwer zu lesen. Mehrere Ligaturen. Buchstabenformen: Rechteckiges Sigma. Zwei schmale rechteckige Agoranomenstempel am linken Rand der Seite A - oben und in der Mitte. Lochung in der linken oberen Ecke von A.
Autopsy
Yes
INSCRIPTION
Language Technique Legend type
Greek Stamped / Countermarked / Struck Authority
Greek Relief Authority, Date
Fac simile
Edition
Haensch and Weiß 2005: (Seite A) ἔ̣τους α̣΄ | Αὐτοκράτορ|ος Καίσαρος Π̣ου|β(λίου) Λ̣ι̣κ̣ι̣ν[ν]ίου Οὐα̣|[λεριανοῦ Εὐ]σεβοῦ|ς Εὐτυχοῦς Σ|εβαστοῦ
(Seite B) ὑπατεύ[ον]|τος τῆς ἐπαρ|χίας τοῦ λαμπρ|οτάτου ὑπατικοῦ | Γ(αίου) Ἰουλίου Ὀκταουί|ου Οὐλουσέννα Ῥογατι̣|ανοῦ καὶ λογισ[τεύ]ον|τος Ἰουλίου Κρήσκεν|τος Σατορνείλου, ἀ|γορανομοῦντ|ος Αὐρ(ηλίου) Ἀβειτ|ιανοῦ Ἀβεί|του (im Rand)
Kontrollstempel auf Seite A: Ἀβειτιανοῦ und Ἀβειτου
Ligaturen
Seite A: Z. 3. OY, 4. OY
Seite B: Z. 2. HC, 3. OY, 4. OY, 5. OY, 6. OY, OY, OY, 8. OY, OY, CK, 9. NE,
OY, 10. OY
Monogram
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT
Findspot (region)
Findspot (site)
context
CIRCUMSTANCES OF ACQUISITION
Region
City
Date of first acquisition
circumstances
Weiß 1994: Das Stück stammt - das als ergänzende Mitteilung - von einem türkischen Kunsthändler. Acc.-Nr. 104037.
DATING OF THE WEIGHT
Curatorial Section
GREEK , ROMAN
Time frame
FROM 238 TO 254
Comments on Chronology
Haensch and Weiß 2005: Valerianus, 1. Jahr. Haensch and Weiß 2007: Dies imperii (oder mutmaßliches Äquivalent): Ausrufung: VI/VIII.253. Kaiserjahr entspricht wahrscheinlich: vor 23.IX.253. Weiter datierende Angaben (nur die jeweils zeitlich letzte) : Gallienus noch nicht genannt. Ergibt : vor IX./X. 253. Gesamtdatierung : VI/VIII. – vor.IX.253.
Auction Leu 2020: Gordian III (238–244 CE).
COLLECTION HISTORY
Collection
Name Date of acquisition Inventory number
Bavarian Coin Cabinet (Munich) None 104037
Bibliography
Reference Page/Column Reference (number) Plate / Figure Comment
Nollé 1987–88 93–97 1 pl. 19 None
SEG 39 553 1753 bis None None
AÉ 1992 434–435 1566 None None
Eck 1992 199–206 None None None
Weiß 1994 357–359, 386 I.2 pl. 2/2 None
Kruse and Stumpf 1998 10 14 fig. None
Haensch and Weiß 2005 473–474, 496 11 fig. 11 None
Haensch and Weiß 2007 211 None None None
Haensch and Weiß 2014 546 None None None
Auction Leu 2020d 274–275 ad 2007 None None
VARIA
Additional comment
See Auction Leu 2020: C. Iulius Octavius Volusenna Rogatianus is attested as a legatus pro praetore from a similar weight dated by W. Weck to the sole reign of Valerian (W. Eck: C. Iulius Octavius Volusenna Rogatianus. Statthalter einer kaiserlichen Provinz, in: ZPE 90 (1992), pp. 199-206), but the name of the emperor was, as our weight (https://pondera.uclouvain.be/artifact/12842/) shows, very likely misread and designates Gordian III as well. Thus, the tenure of office of Rogatianus as governor of Pontus and Bithynia can be moved from the early 250s to the late 230s and early 240s, placing him between D. Simonius Proculus Iulianus (shortly before 239) and Ti. Claudius Attalus Paterclianus (23 September 243-early 244). As some of these impressive lead weights were found in the vicinity of Nicomedia, it is commonly assumed that they name the legati pro praetore of the province of Pontus and Bithynia (see also above, lot 2006), and were manufactured in the provincial capital Nicomedia under the supervision of the agoranomos of the city, who is usually named alongside the governor on the reverse. The obverse, on the other hand, provides the regnal year, name and titles of the emperor in Greek, in the case of our example, that is 'Year 4 of the Imperator Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Pius Felix Augustus'.
The emperor is thus Gordian III rather than Valerian.
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