Arcadius, Roman Emperor ; Honorius, Roman Emperor ; Theodosius II, Roman Emperor ; Theodosius I, Roman Emperor ; Valentinian II, Roman Emperor

Constantinople

1 Nomisma = 1 Solidus

Copper alloy (bronze or brass)

Struck

Disc or similar (ellipse, etc.)

2.00 cm

2.00 cm

- cm

Mass (g)	Mass (grain)	Date of measurement	Reference	fragmented	cleaned	reference weight
4.17	-	-	Auction Leu 2021	No	No	Yes

Symbol	Technique	Direction	Position	Number	Synecdoche
Roman Emperor	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck	FACING		Three	Bust
Cross	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One
Eight-rayed star	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One
Laurel wreath	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One

Auction Leu 2021: Lot 2434. Valentinian II, with Theodosius I and Arcadius, 375-392. Exagium Solidi (Bronze, 20 mm, 4.17 g, 5 h), Constantinopolis, 383-392. DDD NNN Diademed and draped facing busts of Valentinian II, in the center, with Theodosius I on the left and Arcadius on the right; above, cross. Rev. Star within wreath. Bendall 6. MAH 414. Extremely rare and in exceptional condition. A perfectly struck and unusually well preserved example. Slightly rough, otherwise, extremely fine.
Auction Leu 2022: Lot 3095. Valentinian II, with Theodosius I and Arcadius, 375-392. Exagium Solidi (Bronze, 20 mm, 4.17 g, 5 h), Constantinopolis, 383-392. DDD NNN Diademed and draped facing busts of Valentinian II, in the center, with Theodosius I on the left and Arcadius on the right; above, cross. Rev. Star within wreath. Bendall 6. MAH 414. Extremely rare and in exceptional condition. A perfectly struck and unusually well preserved example. Slightly rough, otherwise, extremely fine.
Asolati 2022: Exagia solidi imperiali privi dell’indicazione esplicita della funzione: Arcadio, Onorio e Teodosio II, 403–408 d.C., [exagium solidi]. Zecca non indicata: Constantinopolis (?). D/ DDD NNN; tre busti frontali, affiancati, diademati, drappeggiati e corazzati: quello a d. di dimensioni minori; sopra al busto centrale, + che separa la legenda. R/ Stella a 8 raggi entro corona. a. Leu, Web Auction 20 (16/07/2022), lotto n. 3095 = Leu, Auction 10 (24/10/2021), lotto n. 2434: g 4,17; mm 20; h 5.

No

Language	Technique	Legend type
Latin	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck	Authority

D(omini) n(ostri). ||

LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE

FROM 383 TO 408

Auction Leu 2021 and Auction Leu 2022: propose a production date between 383 and 392 et identify Valentinian II, Theodosius I and Arcadius.
Asolati 2022: suggests a chronological range from 403 to 408 and identifies Theodosius II, Arcadius and Honorius.

Name	Date of acquisition	Inventory number
Antiquities Trade	July 16, 2022	None

Reference	Page/Column	Reference (number)	Plate / Figure	Comment
Auction Leu 2021d	None	2434	fig.	None
Asolati 2022	266, 274	29a	Pl. V/29a	None
Auction Leu 2022c	None	3095	fig.	None

Asolati 2022: cf. Dürr 1964, n. 280; Bendall 1996, n. 6; Campagnolo e Weber 2015, n. 414; Morrisson e Tobias 2017, p. 416 (Graziano, Valentiniano II, Teodosio I).