Lead

Cast

Disc or similar (ellipse, etc.)

13.50 cm

13.50 cm

- cm

Mass (g)	Mass (grain)	Date of measurement	Reference	fragmented	cleaned	reference weight
334.00	-	-	Auction Archaeological Center 2023	No	No	Yes

Symbol	Technique	Direction	Position	Number	Synecdoche
Male figure	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck	FACING	Standing

Auction Archaeological Center 2023: A Hellenistic lead weight. 2nd-1st century BCE. 334 gr, 13.5 cm. Depicting in the center a Greek inscription reading: CAK / EͶP which is surrounded by a ladder frame. The two small handles are impressed by a seal depicting a standing figure. In very good condition and rare.
Delmeulle Matthieu 16/10/2023 : This weight could be attributed to the Southern Levant under Roman domination. During the Roman period, the characteristics of Seleucid standardisation gradually disappeared in favour of greater variation. Admittedly, most of the weights from Greek cities retained the appearance of a thin lead plate with a protruding edge. However, the shape of these artefacts was no longer uniformly quadrangular throughout the Southern Levant. Circular and more complex shapes, such as hexagons, are also attested. Similarly, the metrological system put in place by Antiochos IV, based on a 128-drachma mina, seems to have given way to a multitude of systems, the complex intricacies of which are not yet fully understood by researchers.
In this case, several observations suggest that weight 17380 may have been produced in the Gaza region between the 2nd century AD and the beginning of the 4th century AD. First, similar small quadrangular or circular countermarks can be seen on weights whose manufacture is attributed to Gaza or Raphia and dated to between 100 and the early 4th century AD (CIIP III; Kushnir-Stein, A. 2004). Comparanda with the countermark can be found in CIIP III (CIIP III 2603 and CIIP III 2609). Secondly, the shapes of the epsilon, ny and rho are also well attested on weights from the same period attributed to Gaza (for example: CIIP III 2606). Finally, the mass of the artefact, around one Roman pound, was probably always more widespread in the Southern Levant, especially during the 2nd and 3rd centuries (Delmeulle forthcoming). Poinçon supérieur: personnage assis vers la gauche, sceptre dans main gauche, statuette dans main droite bras tendu (Zeus tenant Nikè??). Poinçon inférieur: Tychè de Césarée? sur proue? vers la gauche. (GF)

No

Language	Technique	Legend type
Greek	Relief	Date, Unidentified

ΣΑΚ | ΕΝΡ.

GREEK , ROMAN

FROM 1 TO 300

Name	Date of acquisition	Inventory number
Antiquities Trade	Oct. 2, 2023	None

Reference	Page/Column	Reference (number)	Plate / Figure	Comment
Auction Archaeological Center 2023	None	445	fig.	None

Compare with https://pondera.uclouvain.be/artifact/11916/