Arcadius, Roman Emperor ; Honorius, Roman Emperor ; Johannes, Comes sacrarum largitionum ; Theodosius II, Roman Emperor ; Theodosius I, Roman Emperor

Constantinople

1 Nomisma = 1 Solidus

Copper alloy (bronze or brass)

Struck

Disc or similar (ellipse, etc.)

1.90 cm

1.90 cm

- cm

Mass (g)	Mass (grain)	Date of measurement	Reference	fragmented	cleaned	reference weight
4.27	-	-	Auction Roma 2016	No	No	Yes
4.26	-	-	Auction Nomos 2021	No	No	No

Symbol	Technique	Direction	Position	Number	Synecdoche
Roman Emperor	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck	FACING		Three	Bust
Aequitas / Justitia / Moneta	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck	LEFT	Standing	One
Balance scale	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One
Cornucopia	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One
Star	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One
Cross	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck			One

Auction Roma 2016: Lot 647. Theodosius I, with Arcadius and Honorius, Æ Exagium Solidi Weight. Constantinople, AD 402-408. DDD NNN AVGGG, diademed and draped facing busts of Honorius, Theodosius and Arcadius respectively / EXAGIVM SOLIDI, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae; star in right field, CONS in exergue. Cf. Göbl, Antike 228-229; Bendall, Weights; RIC X, p. 8. 4.26g, 19mm, 1h. Near Extremely Fine. Unaltered by piercing or plugging, thus Extremely Rare.
Auction Nomos 2021: Lot 370. Theodosius I, with Arcadius and Honorius, 379-395. Solidus weight or Exagium (Bronze, 19.5 mm, 4.27 g, 12 h), Constantinople, 393-395. DDD NNN AAAVVVGGG Diademed, draped and cuirassed facing busts of Honorius, Theodosius and Arcadius; cross in upper field. Rev. EXAG SOL SVB V INL IOhANNI COm S L / CONS Moneta standing facing, head left, holding scales in right hand and cornucopia in left; in right field, star. Bendall, Byzantine Weights 10. Sabatier 8. Dark olive-green patina with light earthen deposits. Good very fine.
Asolati 2022: Exagia solidi imperiali con indicazione esplicita della funzione: Arcadio, Onorio e Teodosio II (Giovanni CSL), 403–404 d.C., exagium solidi. Zecca di Constantinopolis. D/ DDD NNN AAA VVV GGG; tre busti frontali, affiancati, diademati, drappeggiati e corazzati: quello al centro di dimensioni minori; sopra al busto centrale, +. R/ EXAC SOL SVB V INL IOҺANNI COM S L; Moneta/Aequitas/Iustitia stante a s. con bilancia e cornucopia; a d., *; in esergo, CONS. g. Roma, E-Sale 31 (26/11/2016), lotto n. 647 = Nomos, Auction 22 (22/06/2021), lotto n. 370 (g 4,27; mm 19.5; h 12): g 4,26; mm 19; h 1.

No

Language	Technique	Legend type
Latin	Stamped / Countermarked / Struck	Authority, Denomination, Legal status, Mint

DDDNNNAAAVVVGGG

EXACSOLSVBVINL      IOhANNICOMSL
CONS 

D(ominorum) N(ostrorum) Aug(ustorum). || Exag(ium) sol(idi) sub v(iro) inl(ustri) Iohanni com(ite) s(acrarum) l(argitionum) | Cons(tantinopolis).

LATE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE

FROM 393 TO 408

Auction Roma 2016: proposes a fabrication date between 402 and 408.
Auction Nomos 2021: proposes a production between 393 and 395, the date of Theodosius I's death.
Asolati 2022: suggests a chronological range from 403 to 404, during the reign of Theodosius II.

Name	Date of acquisition	Inventory number
Antiquities Trade	June 22, 2021	None

Reference	Page/Column	Reference (number)	Plate / Figure	Comment
Auction Roma 2016d	None	647	fig.	None
Auction Nomos 2021a	None	370	fig.	None
Asolati 2022	258–259, 271	8g	Pl. II/8g	None

Asolati 2022: cf. Pembroke 1746, parte 3, tav. 32 (= Pembroke Collection Sale 1848, lotto n. 1446: grs 73 e ⁷⁄₁₀); Tanini 1791, p. 353; Eckhel 1792–1798, VIII, p. 512; Mionnet 1827, II, p. 350; Akerman 1834, II, p. 346; Sabatier 1862, I, p. 97, n. 9; Cohen 1880–1892, VIII, p. 191, n. 8; Babelon 1892, p. 876; Pink 1935, n. 6; Pink 1938, col. 77, n. 8; Dürr 1964, n. 279; Göbl 1978, p. 138, n. 229; Göbl 1980, n. 16; RIC X, p. 8; Bendall 1996, n. 10; Campagnolo 2015, p. 120, n. 137; Campagnolo e Weber 2015, n. 411; Morrisson e Tobias 2017, p. 416; Guruleva 2018, nn. 143–144.